19 July 2026

Russia's military-industrial complex: past, present and future

Sceeus | Aleksandr Golts

Vladimir Putin must decide whether to construct specialized military plants or return Russia to a Soviet-style mobilization economy as Soviet-era arms stockpiles face imminent exhaustion. This strategic dilemma intensifies as the war of attrition in Ukraine depletes decades-old warehouses, forcing the Kremlin to establish a full-scale arms production cycle to sustain its military operations.

Historically, the autarkic Soviet planned economy maintained excess production capacity and centralized planning to prepare for prolonged conventional conflict, a model that ultimately caused its economic collapse. Modern attempts to revive this system have already triggered the renationalization of over 400 large enterprises transferred to state control between 2023 and 2025. Although the Kremlin designated 13.5 trillion roubles for military purposes in 2025, rolling out the large-scale production required to arm a much larger fighting force will take 5–8 years, threatening systemic economic imbalances and long-term instability.

Comment
Legacy military stockpiles cannot sustain prolonged modern conflicts. High-intensity warfare demands immediate industrial scalability. State-controlled defence sectors often struggle with rapid technological adaptation. Global powers must build flexible manufacturing pipelines for long-term combat endurance.

No comments: