6 July 2026

Who Is China?

Foreign Affairs  |  Ian Johnson

China's ascent is widely recognized in the West as an undeniable reality, evoking comparisons to past admiration for Mao's era. Commentators, such as investor and columnist Steven Rattner, have lauded China's “model of state-directed capitalism” as the driving force behind its transformation into “the colossus that dominates global manufacturing.” Rattner specifically noted China's “extraordinary progress” in rapidly expanding, technology-focused sectors, areas historically dominated by American leadership.

Additionally, economic historian Adam Tooze characterized China last year as “the master key to understanding modernity.” This widespread Western acknowledgment of China's significant economic and technological achievements reflects a perception of its profound global influence and its pivotal role in shaping contemporary understanding. The prevailing view highlights China's success in state-directed economic development and its growing technological prowess.

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