The proliferation of conflicts since 2022, notably in Ukraine, Gaza, and the Red Sea, has accelerated the emergence of hyperwarfare, integrating AI and digital platforms. Cognitive warfare, a new strategic frontier, extends traditional information operations by targeting perceptions, emotions, beliefs, and political judgment to shape conflict interpretation. Amplified by generative AI and social networks, it transforms public opinion into battlegrounds, using fabricated content and algorithmic manipulation to create influential cognitive environments.
For instance, during the 2023-2025 Red Sea War, Houthi militias seized the Galaxy Leader, turning it into a 'maritime theme park' for influencers to disseminate narratives of resistance against American capabilities. Russia employed 'denazification' narratives in Ukraine, while the US 'Absolute Resolve' operation in Venezuela highlighted a 'war of terminology.' Algorithmic manipulation also led to Romania's 2024 presidential election cancellation, and Azerbaijani actors fueled anti-French narratives in New Caledonia, demonstrating cognitive warfare's global impact on political legitimacy and democratic balances.
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