The Iran war has catalyzed the formation of a new Saudi-led bloc in the Middle East, comprising Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, Pakistan, and Turkey, notably excluding the United Arab Emirates. This grouping emerged as some member states became "clear winners" or developed "new resilience," despite the conflict inflicting substantial pain on Persian Gulf states through declining exports and a diminished sense of safety.
While a "veneer of camaraderie" exists, deep divisions persist within this new axis concerning the optimal strategy for dealing with Iran and the contentious choice between pursuing normalization with Israel or bracing for its "feared hegemonic expansion." This war has undeniably produced a new regional order in the Gulf, extending its geopolitical implications to the larger Islamic world and establishing a significant shift in alliances.
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