Gary Anderson
In 1989, a group of Marine Corps officers and civilian military theorists wrote several professional military journal articles describing a new wave of conflict that they dubbed Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW), defined by non-state actors, terrorists, armed militias, cyber actors, and even corporate entities engaged in conflict with established governments.
The first three generations of warfare were evolutions of conventional warfare marked largely by advancements in military technology. 4GW is still a contested concept of warfare, defined as: “Unlike traditional warfare, which focuses on defeating a military's capabilities, 4GW aims to undermine an adversary's societal cohesion and political will through asymmetric tactics, often targeting civilian populations and infrastructure.”
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