22 April 2026

Baku Expands Military Cooperation with Neighbors, Worrying Moscow

Paul Goble

Since 1991, the former Soviet republics have developed their own militaries as part of their state-building processes and in many cases formed security ties not only with each other but also with countries beyond the borders of what was once the Soviet Union.

Moscow has sought to retain its dominant position across that region through the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). Ever more former Soviet republics, however, have broken with it or downgraded its importance relative to other relationships. Few have gone further in this direction than Azerbaijan, which not only has an alliance with Türkiye and security ties with Pakistan and the People’s Republic of China but also ever-closer military links with its neighbors, worrying Moscow because it reflects Russia’s decline.

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