Over-Centralization Is The Root Cause Of Examination Chaos In India

Eurasia Review  |  P. K. Balachandran

The Indian government's establishment of a high-powered reform committee following widespread National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG) paper leaks has intensified domestic debates over educational federalism. The National Testing Agency (NTA) faced severe criticism after systemic failures during the May 2026 examinations disrupted the careers of 2.4 million candidates, triggering nationwide protests and ministerial resignations.

This crisis stems from the over-centralisation of national entrance exams, which critics argue systematically disadvantages rural, state-board, and non-English-medium students while favouring wealthy urban applicants with access to commercial coaching. Led by Tamil Nadu, several states including Karnataka and West Bengal have passed legislative resolutions demanding the abolition of NEET in favour of state-level admission systems. However, the National Medical Commission Act of 2019 and constitutional provisions grant overriding powers to the central government, leaving states legally constrained despite growing political resistance. Meanwhile, the newly appointed Nandan Nilekani-led reform committee, dominated by technocrats, is expected to reinforce centralization rather than address federal concerns.

Comment

The NEET controversy highlights the growing governance challenge of balancing national standards with India's federal diversity. Centralised examination systems can improve uniformity, but repeated administrative failures risk eroding public trust in national institutions regardless of policy intent. Lasting reform will require strengthening examination integrity alongside greater consultation with states to preserve institutional legitimacy. The broader contest now concerns whether educational governance can remain nationally coordinated while accommodating India's diverse regional priorities.

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