The 11th Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) concluded in deadlock, mirroring outcomes in 2015 and 2022, primarily due to an unresolved regional dispute concerning Iran. The United States insisted on explicitly naming Iran for non-compliance with the treaty, while Iran rejected any mention of its “peaceful nuclear program,” leading to an impasse.
This prevented the adoption of a substantive draft declaration, with the conference president opting for only a procedural report. The author notes that the NPT review process is ill-suited for resolving regional issues, citing its consensus-based nature and lack of enforcement mechanisms. Past conferences also failed over regional disputes like Israel's nuclear program and Russia's actions in Ukraine. Despite its broken review process and current bleak prospects for nuclear restraint, including China's buildup and Russia's new weapons, the NPT remains a crucial stabilizing factor, fostering dialogue among nuclear-weapon states to reduce risks.
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