Quantum technologies will make a significant impact on the defence and security sector in the near future, particularly in terms of sensing, communications, and computing. The rapid emergence of these advanced capabilities, however, poses substantial and complex issues for defence policymakers. This is primarily because existing governance measures and regulatory frameworks are currently unable to keep pace with the swift development and deployment of new technologies.
These challenges encompass critical structural questions, including the establishment of effective export controls to manage the international spread of quantum capabilities and the development of comprehensive frameworks for their responsible use. Policymakers must determine how to appropriately handle technologies possessing both civilian and military applications, navigating the inherent complexities of dual-use regulation. This necessitates careful consideration of how to mitigate potential security risks while simultaneously harnessing quantum benefits for national defence and strategic advantage, a key discussion point at events like the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue 2026.
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