17 July 2025

Why Force Fails to Stop Nuclear Proliferation


For a third time in four decades, warplanes have tried to bomb a Middle Eastern nuclear program into submission. The most recent attempt began with an Israeli air campaign against Iran on June 13. Then, 

in the early morning hours of June 22, seven U.S. Air Force B-2 stealth bombers unleashed 30,000-pound Massive Ordnance Penetrator bombs on Iran’s most heavily fortified nuclear sites. The United States’ primary targets were the deeply buried enrichment facilities at Fordow and Natanz, as well as a nuclear technology center at Isfahan.

Washington declared the mission, called Operation Midnight Hammer, a resounding success; President Donald

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