China is strategically pivoting towards military “intelligentisation”, aggressively integrating AI into the PLA to achieve a decisive edge against the United States. Driven by mandates from the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese military is modernizing from information-guided and network-centric warfare to AI and automation-driven systems.
Chinese analysts view these disruptive technologies as a historic opportunity to rewrite modern military doctrine and “overtake on a curve”. This policy brief provides a preliminary assessment of Chinese perspectives on AI's military applications, specifically focusing on the AI-nuclear nexus. It examines Chinese debates regarding AI integration into the nuclear enterprise, including the benefits and risks for nuclear command, control, and communication (NC3), decision-making, and autonomous nuclear weapons systems. The paper also explores potential risks inherent in AI-nuclear integration and the challenges the PLA faces in pursuing AI military integration, concluding with a set of policy recommendations.
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