Chatham House | Katja Bego
A significant increase in investment across defence and dual-use technologies is poised to fundamentally reconfigure the global artificial intelligence (AI) race. This surge, driven by national security imperatives and intense economic competition, will likely accelerate the development and deployment of advanced AI capabilities, particularly in military applications, intelligence gathering, and critical infrastructure. Nations prioritizing strategic autonomy and technological leadership, such as the United States, China, and European powers, are channeling substantial resources into AI research, development, and integration, aiming to secure a competitive edge. This intensified competition could lead to a more fragmented global AI landscape, characterized by distinct technological ecosystems and heightened geopolitical tensions. Furthermore, the dual-use nature of these technologies raises complex questions regarding ethical governance, arms control, and the potential for destabilizing military advantages, necessitating urgent international dialogue on responsible AI development and deployment to mitigate future risks.
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