The US-Iranian deal, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed by President Trump and Iranian President Masud Pezeshkian on June 17, aims to end their war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. This new accord is being compared to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), from which Trump withdrew in 2018.
The MOU immediately waives US oil sanctions on Iran, linking broader sanctions relief and frozen asset release to Iran's commitment to "down-blending" highly enriched uranium under IAEA supervision. This development follows two recent conflicts, including the 12-Day War last June and hostilities reignited by US and Israeli airstrikes on February 28, which have devastated Iran's economy and damaged its nuclear facilities, altering the program's fundamentals since the JCPOA era. Critics express concern over the oil sanction waivers and the MOU's failure to address Iran's "malign activities" beyond the nuclear program, such as its missile development and support for proxy groups. Future negotiations over 60 days or more will tackle enrichment levels and require technically competent expert delegations to address complex nonproliferation and sanctions relief details, amidst significantly eroded trust.
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