11 December 2025

Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Services

Andrew S. Bowen

Russia has an extensive foreign intelligence system composed of several overlapping agencies that compete for bureaucratic, political, and often economic influence within the Russian government. Russia’s foreign intelligence agencies play a key role in advising and influencing Russia’s leadership, as well as in implementing its foreign policy.

Congress has previously imposed sanctions on Russia’s foreign intelligence agencies, and some in Congress have expressed concern about these agencies’ activities. Members of Congress may be interested in assessing the structure of Russia’s foreign intelligence services and the continued challenges they pose to U.S. and allied interests. Over the last decade, Russia’s foreign intelligence services have been linked to election interference, assassinations, cyber operations, espionage, and sabotage operations globally.

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