28 June 2026

Heartland vs. Rimland

Foreign Affairs  |  Michael Beckley, Hal Brands

Today’s strategic map reveals a familiar pattern: a bloc of land-based powers, concentrated in central Eurasia, is challenging a liberal, maritime order anchored by an offshore superpower. This continental alliance, comprising China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, and supported by autocracies from Belarus to Myanmar, mirrors historical continental empires like Napoleonic France, imperial Germany, and the Soviet Union in their ambition to dominate Eurasia and project global power.

The United States, much like the United Kingdom historically, remains the sole actor capable of anchoring a significant arc of coastal and maritime countries across North.

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