29 September 2026

FACT SHEET ON CHINA-MYANMAR-BANGLADESH ECONOMIC CORRIDOR

Institute for Security and Development Policy | Wilhelm Geijer, Joel von Rothkirch, Hoang An Nguyen, Jagannath Panda

China has undertaken several strategic projects to increase its role in the Bay of Bengal region and circumvent the Malacca Strait through the Belt and Road Initiative. These efforts involve substantial investments in port infrastructure and multiple new economic corridors designed to expand Beijing's regional power architecture. One of these vital initiatives is the Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor, which subsequently evolved into the China-Myanmar-Bangladesh Economic Corridor following Indian disengagement from the cooperative framework.

This evolving economic infrastructure forms a core component of the Stockholm Center for South Asian and Indo-Pacific Affairs research project examining Beijing's expanding power projection across South Asia and the broader Indian Ocean region. These developments directly alter regional connectivity patterns and reshape long-term geopolitical alignments along critical maritime corridors.

Comment

The evolution of the Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor into the China-Myanmar-Bangladesh Economic Corridor illustrates a systematic adaptation to regional geopolitical friction. Beijing continues to secure alternative overland and maritime logistics vectors to bypass the Malacca Strait chokepoint through infrastructure investments tied to the Belt and Road Initiative. The Kyaukphyu deep-water port project serves as a crucial physical anchor for this strategic bypass strategy in the Bay of Bengal.

Strategic Question for Discussion
How does the strategic reliance on the Kyaukphyu deep-water port project alter Beijing's vulnerability profile in the Bay of Bengal compared to its reliance on maritime transit through the Malacca Strait?
The pattern suggests that shifting transit nodes ashore reduces exposure to maritime choke-points while simultaneously generating new localized security dependencies for host governments. This structural adjustment points to a calculated trade-off between maritime vulnerability and long-term continental friction.
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