Anna J. Davis
Russia is attempting to enter a rare earth elements (REEs) and critical minerals competition that is already taking shape without it by engaging in state‑driven projects. It is signaling to compensate for restrictions in its own processing capacity, capital, and market access.
People’s Republic of China and U.S. partnerships across rare earth and critical mineral supply chain development are a major loss for Russia, which is losing the ability to retain influence in countries thought to be in its economic orbit. Russia is pursuing REE initiatives that stretch beyond its industrial base and capabilities, including plans to develop a major manganese deposit in Ukraine’s occupied Zaporizhzhia oblast.
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